Yellow Corydalis, Yellow Harlequin, Yellow Fumewort - Corydalis flavula
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Corydalis flavula - Yellow Corydalis, Yellow Harlequin, Yellow Fumewort.
Corydalis (Greek korydalis = "crested lark") is a large genus of over 400 species worldwide (most in China), with about 10 species in North America (Corydalis sempervirens has been reclassified as Capnoides semperviren.) A couple of those species are not native to North America. Some authorities now classify Corydalis (and even all genera in the Fumariaceae family) in the Papaveraceae (Poppy) family.
Corydalis flavula - Yellow Corydalis - is a plant of much of the eastern half of the United States outside of New England, and is also in a couple of provinces in Canada. It blooms with its tiny flowers in mid-spring to early summer.
Found in:
AL, AR, CT, DC, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, MI, MO, MS, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, VA, VT, WI, WV
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Distribution of Corydalis flavula in the United States and Canada:
Blue=Native; Grey=Introduced
Map from USDA Plants Database:
USDA, NRCS. 2017. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 16 Jan 2025). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
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| | Site: Lookout Mountain Conservancy, Chattanooga, Hamilton County, TN Date: 2019-March-25 | Photographer: Gerald C Williamson | | The Yellow Corydalis flower is on a slender pedicel of about 1/4 inch. The flower has one spurred outer petal with a toothed or wrinkled crest and wings, and another unspurred outer petal which is otherwise similar to the spurred petal. Each of these petals are about .3 inch long, and are offset from each other making the flower slightly longer than either petal. There are also inner petals which are somewhat shorter than the outer petals. | | 
| | Site: Lookkout Mountain Conservancy, Chattanooga, Hamilton County, TN Date: 2019-March-25 | Photographer: Gerald C. Williamson
Nikon D7000
Tamron SP 90MM f/2.8 AF Macro | | The tiny yellow flower of Corydalis flavula is less than 1/2 inch long, looking like little yellow sparks in the foliage. | | Click on the photo for a larger image
| | Site: Lookout Mountain Conservancy, Chattanooga, Hamilton County, TN Date: 2019-March-25 | Photographer: Gerald C Williamson | | The leaves of Corydalis flavula are alternate and compound. Each of the leaflets are lobed. | | Click on the photo for a larger image
| | Site: Lookout Mountain Conservancy, Chattanooga, Hamilton County, TN Date: 2019-March-25 | Photographer: Gerald C Williamson | | Yellow Corydalis can have a simple stem, or it may be many-branching, as show here. While the stem usually starts erect, it may become prostate as the plant ages. | | Click on the photo for a larger image
| | Site: Lookout Mountain Conservancy, Chattanooga, Hamilton County, TN Date: 2019-March-24 | Photographer: Gerald C Williamson | | The plant may be erect with several stems arising from the somewhat succulent root. There may be as many as 6 or 8 flowers in each inflorescence. | | Click on the photo for a larger image
| | Site: Lookout Mountain Conservancy, Chattanooga, Hamilton County, TN Date: 2019-March-24 | Photographer: Gerald C Williamson | | This photo shows several of the hanging seed capsules. They are usually straight, but may be reflexed. | | Click on the photo for a larger image
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References used for identification and information:
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